IgG antibodies to herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1)
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a common virus that primarily causes cold sores (herpes labialis) but can also cause symptoms in other parts of the body. The virus is spread primarily through saliva and direct contact with infected mucous membranes or skin areas. By analyzing IgG antibodies in the blood, it can be determined whether a previous HSV-1 infection has occurred, regardless of whether symptoms have occurred or not.
Why analyze IgG antibodies for HSV-1?
IgG antibodies to HSV-1 develop a few weeks after a primary infection and remain in the blood for life. A positive test means that you have previously had contact with the virus. Analyzing these antibodies can be valuable in several situations, for example:
- In case of recurrent cold sores: Confirm whether recurrent blisters and ulcers in the mouth area are due to HSV-1.
- Before pregnancy: Assess the risk of transmission of herpes simplex virus to the child during childbirth.
- In case of concern after unprotected contact: Get clear answers about whether you have been exposed to HSV-1 before.
- Infection investigation: Identify herpes simplex as a possible cause in unclear sore formation or symptoms.
How does HSV-1 affect the body?
HSV-1 infects nerve cells and establishes itself in the body's nerve ganglia where it can lie dormant for a long time. Under certain circumstances, such as stress, infections or a weakened immune system, the virus can be reactivated and cause new outbreaks. Outbreaks are usually characterized by:
- Blisters and sores on or around the lips
- Burning and itching in the affected area
- Sometimes fever and swollen lymph nodes at the first outbreak
What can affect the test result?
In the case of a primary infection with HSV-1, it can take up to six months before IgG antibodies become measurable in the blood. A negative result during this period therefore does not rule out an infection. If suspicion of infection persists, follow-up testing is recommended after 3–6 months.
Interpretation of the test result
- Positive IgG result: Detected IgG antibodies indicate a previous infection with HSV-1. The virus then remains latent in the body and can be reactivated.
- Negative IgG result: No detected IgG antibodies mean that the body has probably not had contact with HSV-1. If symptoms are present, it may be a newly infected phase where the IgG antibodies have not yet developed.
Medical significance of knowing your HSV-1 status
Getting clarity on your herpes status can be of great importance, both for your own health and for reducing the risk of spreading the infection. A confirmed HSV-1 infection can, for example, affect the management of pregnancy and childbirth and provide guidance on treatment for recurring problems. By analyzing IgG antibodies, you get a clear answer as to whether you have had a previous HSV-1 infection.