Within our body and above all in the gut, there is a diversity of bacteria that together form a complex and dynamic ecosystem. This is usually related to the gut flora or microbiome. These gut bacteria are essential in supporting a range of biological functions. They aid in digestion by breaking down dietary fiber that would otherwise be difficult to digest, produce important nutrients such as B vitamins and short-chain fatty acids, and protect us from pathogenic microbes by competing for resources and space.