What is Prolactin?
Prolactin is a hormone produced and released by the anterior pituitary gland, a gland in the brain. It plays an important role in the regulation of reproductive and lactation functions in women. For women, prolactin is especially important for stimulating breast development during pregnancy and for producing breast milk after childbirth. During breastfeeding, the prolactin level in the body often increases, which stimulates milk production and maintains lactation. In men, prolactin also has biological functions, although they are less clear than in women. Prolactin can, among other things, affect testosterone production and regulate sexual function in men.
Prolactin can be analyzed for various reasons to evaluate any hormonal disorders and or identify any underlying medical conditions. Here are some common reasons why prolactin may be analyzed:
- Infertility: Prolactin production can affect ovulation in women. High levels of prolactin can cause menstrual disturbances and reduce the chance of becoming pregnant. Analysis of prolactin can help identify whether high prolactin levels are a contributing factor to infertility.
- Amenorrhea: Amenorrhea is a term used when a woman does not menstruate for an extended period, usually more than three months. Prolactin tests can be performed to investigate the causes of amenorrhea and rule out high prolactin levels as a possible factor.
- Galactorrhea: Galactorrhea is an unusual discharge of breast milk from the nipples of non-lactating women or men. Prolactin tests can help determine if high prolactin levels are responsible for galactorrhea.
- Hyperprolactinemia: Hyperprolactinemia means high levels of prolactin in the blood. It can be the result of various factors, including pituitary tumors, certain medications, thyroid problems, or certain diseases. Prolactin testing can help determine if a person has elevated prolactin levels and needs further investigation and treatment.
What does a high value of prolactin mean?
A high value of prolactin, also known as hyperprolactinemia, indicates that prolactin levels in the blood are elevated. In women, it can lead to irregular menstruation, amenorrhea (absence of menstruation), galactorrhea (unintended milk production), infertility and decreased sexual desire. In men, hyperprolactinemia can cause erectile dysfunction, decreased sexual desire and gynecomastia (enlarged breasts).
What does a low value of prolactin mean?
A low value of prolactin, also known as hypoprolactinemia, means that the prolactin levels in the blood are below the normal reference ranges. However, hypoprolactinemia is relatively uncommon.
