What is s-alpha-tocopherol?
S-alpha-Tocopherol is the primary form of vitamin E measured in serum. Vitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin that acts as a powerful antioxidant, protecting cell membranes from oxidative damage caused by free radicals. It also plays a critical role in supporting the immune system, nerve function, and many other physiological processes.
Analysis of S-alpha-tocopherol
When analyzing blood samples, the levels of alpha-tocopherol, the main form of vitamin E, are measured in serum. Vitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin with antioxidant properties that protect cell membranes from damage caused by free radicals. The test is conducted using a blood sample analyzed with chromatography (LC) and UV detection to ensure accurate and reliable results.
The s-alpha-tocopherol test is primarily used to evaluate vitamin E status, particularly in cases of suspected deficiency or toxicity. The test is also relevant in investigations of malabsorption, such as in cystic fibrosis, cholestasis, or protein-losing enteropathy. In addition to S-alpha-Tocopherol, the analysis also provides results for S-Retinol (Vitamin A), offering a broader view of fat-soluble vitamins in the body.
Abnormal test results and references
Abnormal levels of S-alpha-Tocopherol may indicate various medical conditions:
- Low levels: May result from malabsorption, chronic conditions affecting fat uptake, or insufficient dietary intake. Symptoms can include muscle weakness, hemolytic anemia, and neurological problems.
- High levels: May occur due to excessive intake of vitamin E supplements, potentially leading to inhibited vitamin K metabolism and increased bleeding risk.
Common causes of vitamin e deficiency
Vitamin E deficiency is rare in healthy individuals but may occur under the following conditions:
- Chronic diseases affecting fat absorption, such as cholestasis, pancreatitis, or cystic fibrosis.
- Loss of fat-soluble vitamins due to protein loss in the intestine.
- Prematurity in infants, where deficiency can cause hemolysis and neurological symptoms.
Reference intervals for s-alpha-tocopherol:
- 0–18 years: 12–30 µmol/L
- Adults: 12–42 µmol/L
Lipemic samples may produce unreliable results; fasting is recommended to minimize interference.
What conditions or diseases are associated with abnormal levels of S-alpha-tocopherol?
S-alpha-Tocopherol is associated with several medical conditions, particularly those involving fat malabsorption and oxidative stress:
- Cystic Fibrosis: A chronic condition affecting the lungs and digestion, leading to fat malabsorption.
- Cholestasis: Blocked or impaired bile flow, reducing the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins like vitamin E.
- Protein-losing Enteropathy: A condition where proteins and fat-soluble vitamins are lost through the intestines.
- Impaired Immune Function: Low levels of vitamin E can reduce the body’s ability to fight infections.
- Hemolytic Anemia: Can occur in severe vitamin E deficiency, especially in premature infants.
Regular monitoring of s-alpha-tocopherol is particularly important in patients at risk of malabsorption or those undergoing vitamin e therapy.
