What is LDL cholesterol?
LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein) transports cholesterol from the liver to the body's tissues. Too much LDL in the blood can cause cholesterol to be deposited in the walls of blood vessels, which increases the risk of atherosclerosis, heart attack and stroke. That's why it is often called the "bad" cholesterol.
What is a normal LDL value?
In general, the following guidelines apply to healthy adults
- LDL concentration below 3.0 mmol/L is considered optimal for healthy people.
- Test results below 1.8 mmol/L are recommended for people with very high cardiovascular risk.
- 3.0–4.9 mmol/L may be acceptable depending on the other risk profile.
- Test results for LDL above 5.0 mmol/L are often considered elevated and should be followed up.
Individual risk assessment, however, takes into account several factors such as blood pressure, smoking, heredity and diabetes.
How can I lower my LDL cholesterol?
You can lower your LDL cholesterol by eating more fiber, reducing your intake of saturated fat, being physically active daily, and avoiding smoking and alcohol. Losing weight if you are overweight also has a positive effect. If your levels are high, medications such as statins may be needed.
Does elevated LDL cholesterol cause any symptoms?
Elevated LDL does not cause any symptoms in itself, but can slowly cause damage to the artery walls. Therefore, it is important to detect and treat high levels in time – it is a silent risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
How often should you check your LDL cholesterol?
For healthy adults, a check-up every four to five years is often sufficient. If you have risk factors such as high blood pressure, obesity, diabetes or a genetic predisposition to heart disease, you should test LDL more often – perhaps annually. Even during ongoing treatment, levels should be monitored regularly.